The submitted script synthesises and complements the didactic content of the Axiology and Praxeology lecture. The script has been continuously updated from year to year according to the current knowledge of the subject taught, in order to eventually develop into a peer-reviewed academic textbook. The present work can be regarded as the result of a research and didactic project that I undertook together with the late Professor Andrzej J. Noras. We gave lectures on Axiology and Praxeology on an alternating basis. The present work is based on scientifically prepared notes.

Although the work is preceded by an extensive historical introduction to the subject of value, the present study focuses on analysing and commenting on the basic assumptions of the most important concepts of the philosophy of value at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the term and the concept of value were shaped in the fire of philosophical discussion, mainly by the Baden School of Neo-Kantianism.

The basic aim is to place axiology and praxeology in the perspective of the classical questions of the philosophy of value and the problems of understanding them. The order of the chapters is determined by the historical order of the lecture, which recommends that the earliest and most fundamental views be discussed first, and only later the opinions that arose in reaction to earlier positions. The historical conceptual analysis of the problem of values consists in breaking down the individual views and positions into their constituent concepts and examining each one separately. The task of this paper is to show the internal structure and, above all, the historical dynamics of the development of modern axiology, its basic assumptions, connections and relations between individual thinkers.