The work presents the essence and evolution of development cooperation in Poland’s foreign policy in 1989–2020. It analyses the importance and effectiveness of development aid and cooperation in the area of the state’s external activity. To this end, the study includes the characteristics of the conditions of development cooperation undertaken by the state, its legal and institutional system, its financial resources, as well as the motivations and interests related to ODA provision and the manifestations of its use. Ultimately, the undertaken analysis makes it possible to identify the main features of development cooperation as a soft power tool of Poland’s foreign policy, as well as factors influencing this instrument’s effectiveness.

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